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English?

richardshagrin 🚫
Updated:

I have seen story language described as American English or Australian English. What should we call stories written using English dictionaries used in England. English English? English or a variety (dialect? version? accent?) of English is spoken in many countries, some of which were never English Colonies. For example, the Philippines has English as one of its legal languages, thanks to its occupation by the USA for many years. Many, perhaps most aircraft ground controllers use at least some English to direct the planes in the air. Would that be "Aircraft English"? One issue is that English embeds foreign (previously not English language) phrases. "Lingua Franca"

seems to now be a phrase understood by many English speakers.

"lin·gua fran·ca

/ˌliNGɡwə ˈfraNGkə/

noun

a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

HISTORICAL

a mixture of Italian with French, Greek, Arabic, and Spanish, formerly used in the Levant."

Some places have English speakers that were not English colonies. Places that encourage the arrival of tourists who speak English have people who can communicate with them in "English". Many accented or highly differentiated versions of English are spoken. Its a Lingua Franca.

Do we want to describe such "Englishes" with geographical modifiers or is there some other easier method? And of course the languages spoken in England also vary by geography. BBC English is not the universal language of England. I am a resident of Western Washington, near Seattle, and I don't sound, to my own ear, like an English speaker.

Replies:   Switch Blayde
Switch Blayde 🚫

@richardshagrin

What should we call stories written using English dictionaries used in England.

British English (or BrE for short).

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@Switch Blayde

British English (or BrE for short).

That's the most important variant. It's the one all those Johnny Foreigner types understand, although you may have to shout at them :)

AJ

Replies:   Dominions Son
Dominions Son 🚫

@awnlee jawking

It's the one all those Johnny Foreigner types understand, although you may have to shout at them :)

I don't know about that. American(USA) religious missionaries have been teaching people English across Africa and Asia for decades. I doubt that those missionaries are teaching BrE.

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@Dominions Son

SPOILER - it's a self-deprecating joke about the English. If foreigners don't understand what you're saying, repeat it louder and louder until they do.

AJ

Ernest Bywater 🚫

At one point in time there were 2 main versions of English used UK or British English and US English. Then they recognized that the Australian English had components of both and labelled it as such. Today when you look at language dictionaries they can list over 20 variants of English with one for every country that uses English as their main language.

Replies:   PotomacBob
PotomacBob 🚫

@Ernest Bywater

Today when you look at language dictionaries they can list over 20 variants of English with one for every country that uses English as their main language.

It isn't unique to English, is it?

Dominions Son 🚫

@PotomacBob

It isn't unique to English, is it?

Spanish and/or Portuguese might be spoken in more countries, with central and south America, but the countries tend to be smaller with lower populations, so English is probably spoken by more people.

Replies:   PotomacBob  AmigaClone
PotomacBob 🚫

@Dominions Son

What I meant to convey with my question was that where people use some language other than English (Spanish, for example), the usage might also differ from country to country, I'm guessing. Does Spanish spoken in, say, Mexico differ from Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico (or in Spain)?

joyR 🚫

@PotomacBob

Does Spanish spoken in, say, Mexico differ from Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico (or in Spain)?

Yes

Then again, try talking text book French to a Parisian...Despite French being a dead language the dialects within and without France vary to the point of incomprehension

Replies:   PotomacBob
PotomacBob 🚫

@joyR

Despite French being a dead language

That's the first time I've seen it asserted that French is a dead language. What makes it dead?

Ernest Bywater 🚫

@PotomacBob

That's the first time I've seen it asserted that French is a dead language. What makes it dead?

From what I've seen of the writings of the language experts, a living language is one that's evolving and changing while a dead language is either (a) fully set in stone and doesn't change or (b) it's not used as a daily language by any society. While Inca would come under reason (b) French comes under reason (a) as the French government has an agency that ensures no one changes the language, it even goes to the extent of limiting the names allowed to be given to children born in France or to French nationals outside of France.

Replies:   PotomacBob
PotomacBob 🚫

@Ernest Bywater

Does the French law apply to French as it is spoken in Canada?

Ernest Bywater 🚫

@PotomacBob

Does the French law apply to French as it is spoken in Canada?

I know the law by the French government only applies to French as spoken in France, but they do not recognize any French type language spoken in other countries as being French. You need to check with the Canadians, but I think it's a different dialect they now call Canadian French instead of just French and the government of France doesn't recognize it as real French.

awnlee jawking 🚫

@PotomacBob

Does the French law apply to French as it is spoken in Canada?

I suspect the French law isn't rigorously followed even in France, with terms like weekend and database being widely used.

AJ

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@awnlee jawking

I suspect the French law isn't rigorously followed even in France, with terms like weekend and database being widely used.

You are missing the point.

Hamburger, Weekend & Database etc are used because there is no French word for those things, the fact that the authorities refuse to allow 'new' words into the French language is what makes it a 'dead' language.

awnlee jawking 🚫

@joyR

Database

Base de donnees ;)

Sometimes there are no French words, other times it's easier to use international standard terminology (in spite of it being English). And there may be an element of the younger generation wanting to poke the establishment in the eye.

AJ

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@awnlee jawking

Base de donnees

Which of those three words is a new word?

There are many examples of phrases used in place of words not already in the French language, but those are not new words, they are phrases used to avoid having to use a foreign word, such as 'le Hamburger'.

Comprenez-vous?

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@joyR

Which of those three words is a new word?

All three, but one has a pukka French equivalent.

AJ

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@awnlee jawking

All three

Really? Base..? de..? donnees..??

None are actually 'new' words.

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@joyR

Database is the new word. Base de donnees is the approved French expression.

AJ

Replies:   joyR  Vincent Berg
joyR 🚫

@awnlee jawking

Database is the new word

It's no more french than hamburger, neither are new French words.

Again, the French language is 'dead' because new words are not recognised or allowed into the (official) French language. (See an earlier reply by Dominions Son)

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@joyR

It's no more french than hamburger, neither are new French words.

Despite what the authorities have ruled, both hamburger and database are in common use in France.

The French authorities have something else to ponder. Younger people are less than particular about remembering the genders of nouns, often using 'le' as a default. In a few decades time, French may well become gender neutral.

AJ

Replies:   joyR  Vincent Berg
joyR 🚫

@awnlee jawking

both hamburger and database are in common use in France.

Being in common use does not make them French..!!

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@joyR

Being in common use does not make them French..!!

"Gotcha", "gimmie" and "K" are all in common usage in English (at least in the U.S.), but none are "English" words.

Replies:   AmigaClone
AmigaClone 🚫

@Vincent Berg

"Gotcha", "gimmie" and "K" are all in common usage in English (at least in the U.S.), but none are "English" words.

You can find "Gotcha" in several English dictionaries nowadays.

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@AmigaClone

You can find "Gotcha" in several English dictionaries nowadays.

Same too with "Gimme". I'm having difficulty finding a dictionary listing the meaning of 'something to take for granted', although the golf variant (from which it may be derived) appears in some.

AJ

Vincent Berg 🚫

@awnlee jawking

In a few decades time, French may well become gender neutral.

If it's up to the French government, neutralizing genders may be the perfect way to prevent anyone giving newborns non-French names!

Vincent Berg 🚫
Updated:

@awnlee jawking

Database is the new word. Base de donnees is the approved French expression.

No, it's a string of existing (approved) words, in order to avoid creating any new French words.

By the way, French airports are the ONLY airports in the entire world which do not use English, as the French outlawed it, to the consternation of pilots everywhere.

Replies:   anim8ed
anim8ed 🚫

@Vincent Berg

By the way, French airports are the ONLY airports in the entire world which do not use English, as the French outlawed it, to the consternation of pilots everywhere.

The French are still upset that English has replaced French as the language of diplomacy at the International level.

Vincent Berg 🚫

@joyR

Hamburger, Weekend & Database etc are used because there is no French word for those things, the fact that the authorities refuse to allow 'new' words into the French language is what makes it a 'dead' language.

Alas, the French 'invented' their own word for computer (ordinateur), rather than use the English word used across the globe, however no one in France uses it. If that's not evidence of a language being dead (as it's both non-changing and unused), I don't know what is.

If the younger generation eventually takes over, and overturns those restrictions, will French then become the first 'dead' language to be reborn?

P.S. If I wasn't allowed to chose my own child's name, I'd take a quick vacation shortly after my child's birth, travel to Switzerland, and name the child there!

helmut_meukel 🚫

@joyR

Hamburger, Weekend & Database etc are used because there is no French word for those things, the fact that the authorities refuse to allow 'new' words into the French language is what makes it a 'dead' language.

There are always French words for those things.
Try to use words like computer, hard drive etc. in French publications or ads and you get fined! They can't fine you if you use computer instead of ordinateur in private mail or speaking to other people, but if you go shopping for a computer, I doubt the salesperson will use the word computer, it will show you an ordinateur.

While France accepts the word week-end, the French Wikipedia entry for week-end states:

Au Canada francophone, depuis les années 1920, le terme francophone " fin de semaine " s'est imposé dans l'usage standard afin de remplacer week-end. L'Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) refuse de l'accepter comme synonyme, pour éviter qu'il concurrence le terme " fin de semaine ", déjà bien implanté au Québec.

HM.

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@helmut_meukel

They can't fine you if you use computer instead of ordinateur in private mail or speaking to other people, but if you go shopping for a computer, I doubt the salesperson will use the word computer, it will show you an ordinateur.

Wiki isn't exactly a trusted authority.

As for going computer shopping, it is at least made simple by the sheer number of stores whose name includes the word computer..!!

Replies:   helmut_meukel
helmut_meukel 🚫

@joyR

As for going computer shopping, it is at least made simple by the sheer number of stores whose name includes the word computer..!!

I doubt this is true in France.
Here is Dell's French website.
Here is HP France, with a list of vendors. Scrolling through, I found no name that includes computer.
(But one with the Alsatian-German word Computa).

Obviously it's ok to use 'PC' in French.

HM.

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@helmut_meukel

I doubt this is true in France.

Just a couple of French computer shops

www.amedia-computer.com

E'Maging Computer France

Replies:   helmut_meukel
helmut_meukel 🚫
Updated:

@joyR

Just a couple of French computer shops

www.amedia-computer.com

E'Maging Computer France

Did you try to locate some of their shops?

I selected the widest range (100 km) and tried these cities:
Paris, Rennes, Bordeaux, Calais, Reims, Sedan, Dijon, Lyon, Marseille, Metz, Nancy.

No shops found except this one: Amedia Computer France, 69 Avenue de la Libération 57530 Courcelles-Chaussy France;
it came up with Metz and Nacy.

Looks like a failing business, the only things you can buy are replacement parts for Amigas and such really old systems. I guess their use of the word computer is grandfathered, because Amigas and Ataris (and probably their shop) existed prior to the law.

The other link isn't a computer shop at all. They state on their website

Emaging Computer France est leader de la maintenance traceurs HP, Canon en France et de la vente de traceurs Canon en France

They do maintenance for HP and Canon plotters and sell Canon plotters.

Sorry,

HM.

ETA They don't use the word plotter but traceur!

Replies:   joyR
joyR 🚫

@helmut_meukel

Don't feel sorry, no need.

I really can't see the point of wasting both time and bandwidth posting a whole stream of links, so let's just agree to disagree.

Dominions Son 🚫

@PotomacBob

That's the first time I've seen it asserted that French is a dead language. What makes it dead?

A decree issued by the French Government.

BlacKnight 🚫

@PotomacBob

What I meant to convey with my question was that where people use some language other than English (Spanish, for example), the usage might also differ from country to country, I'm guessing. Does Spanish spoken in, say, Mexico differ from Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico (or in Spain)?

Yes.

Slang in particular varies widely between Spanish dialects, sometimes with terms that are completely inoffensive in some dialects being mildly crude in others and deadly insults in still others.

Remus2 🚫

@PotomacBob

A Spaniard in Mexico to the Mexican, will sound like Brit in America to the American.

Argon 🚫

@PotomacBob

Many years ago, Mitsubishi was baffled about the low sales numbers of their Pajero model in South America. Turns out, "Pajero" is slang for wanker in those countries. The car was renamed Montero for the Spanish-speaking markets and sales improved.

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@Argon

Many years ago, Mitsubishi was baffled about the low sales numbers of their Pajero model in South America. Turns out, "Pajero" is slang for wanker in those countries. The car was renamed Montero for the Spanish-speaking markets and sales improved.

In the UK, BMW-driver is slang for wanker, judging by the number of people who use that term when a BMW races into the distance ;)

(The worst drivers in the UK are BMW-drivers, with the highest rate of prosecutions. Audi and Mercedes
are next, although I can't remember which way round.)

AJ

robberhands 🚫

@awnlee jawking

The worst drivers in the UK are BMW-drivers, with the highest rate of prosecutions. Audi and Mercedes
are next, although I can't remember which way round.

But the drivers are Brits, right?

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@robberhands

But the drivers are Brits, right?

That information was not supplied. You'd think it statistically likely, but German cars have a disproportionate status in the Middle East and Asia, so they're the first choice of immigrants.

This morning I saw an Asian man walk out of the local doctors' surgery and get into his BMW, parked in the nearby 'library users only' car park. Definitely a wanker :(

AJ

Replies:   robberhands
robberhands 🚫

@awnlee jawking

This morning I saw an Asian man walk out of the local doctors' surgery and get into his BMW, parked in the nearby 'library users only' car park. Definitely a wanker :(

So someone apparently in need of surgery usurped a parking space dedicated to library visitors. What a heinous crime.

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@robberhands

So someone apparently in need of surgery usurped a parking space dedicated to library visitors. What a heinous crime.

Definitely not in need of surgery: he was in his thirties and moving with no impairment. Just a run of the mill BMW-driving wanker who couldn't be bothered to walk a few extra yards.

AJ

Replies:   robberhands
robberhands 🚫

@awnlee jawking

Let me guess - you saw him out of the window of your car as you drove to the library and couldn't find a parking space?

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@robberhands

No, I had found a space okay. (Yep, I'd been using the library.)

I saw him as I was helping a woman library-user manoeuvre out of a ridiculously tight parking spot.

AJ

Keet 🚫

@awnlee jawking

(The worst drivers in the UK are BMW-drivers, with the highest rate of prosecutions. Audi and Mercedes
are next, although I can't remember which way round.)

I think that is the same world wide. Here in the Netherlands VW Golf and Polo are the choice of import 'fur collar' trash although they also seem to upgrade to BMW and Audi.

Switch Blayde 🚫
Updated:

@awnlee jawking

In the UK, BMW-driver is slang for wanker,

There's a joke in the U.S. —

What's the difference between BMWs and porcupines?

The porcupines have the pricks on the outside.

Switch Blayde 🚫

@awnlee jawking

The worst drivers in the UK are BMW-drivers, with the highest rate of prosecutions. Audi and Mercedes
are next

I just bought a 2018 Audi S4 a couple of months ago. I'm a courteous driver. Fast driver and aggressive driver, but that's because I learned to drive in NYC. Although after 43 years out of NY and a lot older, I'm much "calmer."

Btw, I absolutely love the car. The technology is amazing. The upgraded seats are amazing. The engine… people say they love the sound. I love the performance. Turbo V-6 354 HP. 0–60 in 4.4 seconds, not that I tried it. The other day I was on a highway behind a slow driver hogging the left lane (an Acura SUV). When I had the opportunity to go around him, I was doing around 50MPH. I didn't gun it, but accelerated. Next thing I knew I was doing 96MPH.

However, I'm shocked at one thing about the German engineers. The cup holders are useless. A normal size cup here doesn't fit. I guess they have short cups in Germany.

Replies:   Keet  awnlee jawking
Keet 🚫

@Switch Blayde

However, I'm shocked at one thing about the German engineers. The cup holders are useless. A normal size cup here doesn't fit. I guess they have short cups in Germany.

Nah, the cup holders are ok, the US size of cups is just ridiculous. You Americans still think size matters ;)

awnlee jawking 🚫

@Switch Blayde

A normal size cup here doesn't fit. I guess they have short cups in Germany.

Cup holders are for women to hang their handbags now that cars no longer have manual chokes ;)

AJ

Dominions Son 🚫

@awnlee jawking

The worst drivers in the UK are BMW-drivers, with the highest rate of prosecutions. Audi and Mercedes

What? No Porsches?

Replies:   awnlee jawking
awnlee jawking 🚫

@Dominions Son

What? No Porsches?

What, an American who can spell Porsche!!!!

I don't know where they were on the list because only the top four were named. Fourth was an Indian company whose cars regularly come down at the bottom of reliability tables - I guess Jaguar drivers have to drive fast in order to increase their chances of getting to their destinations before their next breakdowns ;)

AJ

Replies:   Dominions Son
Dominions Son 🚫

@awnlee jawking

What, an American who can spell Porsche!!!!

Nope, just one who knows how to look it up on-line if he needs it. :)

helmut_meukel 🚫

@PotomacBob

Does Spanish spoken in, say, Mexico differ from Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico (or in Spain)?

Yes, but.

Spanish has many variations, between Spain and Hispanic America, both in pronunciation and in vocabulary, but it is under the same spelling norm, regulated by the Association of Spanish Language Academies.

Association of Spanish Language Academies

The collaboration between RAE and the other academies was expressed in the coauthorship, since the 22nd edition published in 2001, of the Dictionary of the Spanish Language (Spanish: Diccionario de la Lengua Española), and the 1999 edition of the Orthography (Spanish: Ortografía) was considered a true pan-Hispanic work. Joint projects include the editing of the Grammar (Spanish: Gramática) and the compilation of the Dictionary of Americanisms (Spanish: Diccionario de americanismos).

HM.

AmigaClone 🚫

@Dominions Son

I know that the Military uses different language codes for Portuguese as spoken in Brazil and the Portuguese spoken in Portugal.

There are over a billion people who claim to speak English - although the number that are semi-fluent or better potentially is a lot lower.

Replies:   helmut_meukel
helmut_meukel 🚫

@AmigaClone

I know that the Military uses different language codes for Portuguese as spoken in Brazil and the Portuguese spoken in Portugal.

But they try at least to maintain a common Portuguese orthography.
As you can see in the linked article, they mostly accepted the different spellings as both correct.

That's more than the English speaking countries do.

HM.

Ernest Bywater 🚫

@PotomacBob

It isn't unique to English, is it?

I doubt it, as the French in Canada is said to be slightly different to that in France and I know various Dutch colonies have a slight different version of Dutch to the original.

Vincent Berg 🚫

@PotomacBob

It isn't unique to English, is it?

Nope. People from all over the world laugh at the absurdities of English in a wide variety of languages.

psnz 🚫

Reading this discussion brings to mind the quotation sometimes attributed to George Bernard Shaw about Britain and the USA being two countries divided by a common language. Others would suggest that the sentiment originated with Oscar Wilde's The Canterville Ghost (1887):

"We really have everything in common with America nowadays except, of course, language."

drgnmstr 🚫

Nope, American English is the only one that counts. (smile)

Replies:   Ernest Bywater
Ernest Bywater 🚫

@drgnmstr

American English is the only one that counts

Ayep, it counts as in 1 duh 2 duh 3 while the rest communicate ideas and information.

Replies:   drgnmstr
drgnmstr 🚫

@Ernest Bywater

Exactly! I'm glad you recognize the US educational system.

Replies:   Ernest Bywater
Ernest Bywater 🚫

@drgnmstr

Exactly! I'm glad you recognize the US educational system.

Actually, that's the US private educational system. In the public system it goes:

1 duh, umm, 2 I tink, umm 4, nah 3

while in the Californian public system it goes:

1 eh, dos, eh ...

Replies:   madnige  StarFleetCarl
madnige 🚫
Updated:

@Ernest Bywater

in the Californian public system it goes:

1 eh, dos, eh ...

In Torquay, On Those Trays

StarFleetCarl 🚫

@Ernest Bywater

dos, eh

That's twenty ...

Darian Wolfe 🚫

Don't forget "Mush Mouth" Which is a dialect used in the DEEEP South among illiterate folk and is so distinct that it is basically unintelligible to someone who is not from there.

Replies:   PotomacBob
PotomacBob 🚫

@Darian Wolfe

When my Dad said it to me, he meant I was speaking distinctly. That was not in the Deep South. And it wasn't a dialect; just me not bothering to pronounce words correctly.

Replies:   Dominions Son
Dominions Son 🚫

@PotomacBob

E nuns see 8. :)

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