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Chekov's Invisible Gun

GreyWolf ๐Ÿšซ

Alternate title: Chekov's Shell Game.

I was reading a story today (popular on this site; details obfuscated) in which the lead character acquires item X at one point, mostly dismisses it, then later pulls out item X to use it with a comment, "I brought it with me because it seemed like it might be useful."

In my writing style, if I was about to write that last sentence, I'd almost always instead go back to a prior point in the narrative and show my character grabbing X and stating it might be useful. It works out to the same amount of text, and either 1) it's plausible that it might be useful, so it reads well, or 2) you don't know where the character is getting that idea, in which case the shell-game version will read poorly as well. If it's 2, you can presumably see it coming and create an argument for its future usefulness.

I've been accused (with complete justification) of having a lot of Chekov's Guns just hanging around unfired, many of which will never be fired. It feels to me like this sort of narrative doubles down on that, making anything that's ever peripherally mentioned an invisible gun which might be pulled out with 'I had it with me all along' as a justification.

I'm wondering if this bothers other authors, and also how others fix it when it happens (because it's almost certain to happen unless one is a very detailed 'plotter').

Dominions Son ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

I've been accused (with complete justification) of having a lot of Chekov's Guns just hanging around unfired, many of which will never be fired.

The Chekov's gun thing comes from stage theater from an age where physical props were expensive.

In my opinion, an argument can be made that it doesn't and shouldn't apply to text stories.

For a text story meant to be read, not turned into a stage production, in my opinion, a deus ex machina, where the MC pulls out just the right tool at the last minute without it ever having been introduced in the story before hand, is a much bigger problem.

Replies:   Grey Wolf
Grey Wolf ๐Ÿšซ

@Dominions Son

I think it's both that props are expensive and time and attention span are a limited quantity. A play is likely not going to run much past three hours or so (maybe a bit). You can't cover everything, and if you introduce something you're using time that could be spent on something else.

That said, the logical extension is that there can be nothing decorative. If there is a drapery, must it be opened/closed? If there is a phone, must it ring? If there are books, must they be referenced?

For text stories, I completely agree. If everything that turns up needs to mean something, my guess is that you'll get a very predictable story.

Not a fan of deus ex machina type events, however they come about. My example is much more inbetween - the item in question is just 'flavor'. It doesn't solve any problems or do anything amazing. It's just the feeling that the author introduced it as something the lead character would likely put away and ignore. For it to turn up exactly when needed without establishing his bringing it seemed more like a bit of slight of hand played on the reader (and completely avoidable by simply moving a sentence half a chapter earlier).

LupusDei ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

The law of economy would stipulate that every word in a story should have a purpose. However, it absolutely doesn't mean that every item described should be used for something more than being described, possibly to reveal something about the character of someone or something, setting and time period including, nor that every item used for purpose should be introduced as present beforehand.

I think the problematicality of the situation described would greatly depend on how probable would average *reasonable* person to pack said item already known to be in their possession.

A battery powered wrench tool may be very useful in certain situations, but packing it in a beach bag may indeed seem warranting a specific explanation, while its presence in a work truck perhaps wouldn't. Getting it out of a lady's purse during recess of an opera performance without any prior mention at all would certainly be cartoon hammer moment.

From as little the context is given, the item was presented as bought beforehand, it's presence at the event somewhat surprising, but explanation was given to a curious third person in place. If that later dialogue was considered necessary regardless, then specifically mention the item at packing time, especially if a whole new scene would have to be introduced just for that purpose, might potentially be excessive.

Once in high school I was attracted on the street by group of muggers. I was carrying a briefcase, nice, rater expensive, steel reinforced to be *knife safe* locked leather briefcase in with were like 800 sheets of blank A4 office paper, a clay brick and a roofer's hammer. With all honesty I have now forgotten why the brick was there, and however much I would have liked to get the hammer out, for the ensuing fight only mattered the briefcase was really damn heavy as it was, mostly because of all the paper.

If I were to tell how that fight went, how much more words I should dedicate to describing how I came in possession of that briefcase, why it was packed with paper, and what the hammer I didn't get to use as weapon was there for, versus why I had reasons to think the attack wasn't a random accident?

Grey Wolf ๐Ÿšซ
Updated:

@LupusDei

The part about explaining that he'd brought it because he thought it might be useful was to the reader. He didn't explain it to another character.

Explaining it to the reader as part of departing would make more sense to me.

Your fight example is a hard call. I'd just go with the briefcase being heavy.

Using it for context though, assume:

1) You describe receiving the briefcase, then say it's ugly and you can't imagine using it most places.

2) Then you describe going to school with no mention of the briefcase.

3) The fight comes up, and you nonchalantly mention that you thought the briefcase would be useful that day (to the reader).

Mind you - that would play as a deus ex machina. The situation I didn't - this was an accessory, not a major item. Had he not mentioned the item in question at all, the story wouldn't be different. It doesn't do anything.

Ernest Bywater ๐Ÿšซ

@LupusDei

Once in high school I was attracted on the street by group of muggers. I was carrying a briefcase, nice, rater expensive, steel reinforced to be *knife safe* locked leather briefcase in with were like 800 sheets of blank A4 office paper, a clay brick and a roofer's hammer. With all honesty I have now forgotten why the brick was there, and however much I would have liked to get the hammer out, for the ensuing fight only mattered the briefcase was really damn heavy as it was, mostly because of all the paper.

If I was writing this into a story I'd have an early scene where a member of the family gives him the briefcase for carrying the school work in instead of the usual style bag. Then they'd expand on the briefcase's benefits due to the improved security and it being knife proof being an advantage due to the troublesome area near the school he has to go through at some point for some reason. Then a scene where he's buying the ream of paper for use at home and he puts it in the briefcase and complains about the weight as he does so. Soon after is the encounter with the thugs and him breaking arms with the swinging briefcase as the thugs come at him with knives.

You can then clean up the scene after the cops arrive and they ask how he did it, then he tells about having just bought the paper for his printer.

All logical, all in order, and explains all aspects of the scene.

tenyari ๐Ÿšซ

@LupusDei

If I were to tell how that fight went, how much more words I should dedicate to describing how I came in possession of that briefcase, why it was packed with paper, and what the hammer I didn't get to use as weapon was there for, versus why I had reasons to think the attack wasn't a random accident?

There's a lot mor random to real life than to stories. Readers in stories want to know why.

When stories have too many things 'magically on hand' for the protagonist at just the right moment, they start to read like a middle schooler wrote them - even if the author is describing an actual real event.

When I put a driveby shooting in my NiS story, readers felt it didn't fit. They wanted to know why and how, even though I thought I had told them.

In real life, that kind of thing just happens if you're from side B and they're from side A, or you're on the street near where it occurs.

But in a story you need to set it up.

In this example, I would have either edited the contents of the case, or had some event in the story that put them in there.

Is someone remodeling a house, or did a character walk by a construction site and 'obtain' a few things with sticky fingers, or whatever. Just show things going into the case to cause it to be heavy. Might be best to replace the hardware items with office supplies if there's no story reason for the other things.

Replies:   JoeBobMack
JoeBobMack ๐Ÿšซ

@tenyari

There's a lot mor random to real life than to stories. Readers in stories want to know why.

Yes, and, even in real life, messing with non-random has a noticeable effect. For example, in one study, test subjects' sense of meaning and purpose went down if they were shown pictures of the seasons of the year all mixed up as opposed to showing in the normal sequence of spring, summer, fall, and winter. Why? No way to establish purpose or find meaning if all is chaos and nothing makes sense.

I think this effect intensifies in stories so that random events that "come from nowhere" are difficult for readers. Things need to flow from the story and the characters. Otherwise, readers go, "What the...?"

awnlee jawking ๐Ÿšซ

@JoeBobMack

For example, in one study, test subjects' sense of meaning and purpose went down if they were shown pictures of the seasons of the year all mixed up as opposed to showing in the normal sequence of spring, summer, fall, and winter.

Obviously not a UK study. We're used to getting all four seasons in a single day.

AJ

Dominions Son ๐Ÿšซ

@awnlee jawking

Obviously not a UK study. We're used to getting all four seasons in a single day.

Then there is Northern Alaska where they only have two seasons, night and day.

Replies:   Ernest Bywater
Ernest Bywater ๐Ÿšซ

@Dominions Son

Then there is Northern Alaska where they only have two seasons, night and day.

That reminds me there are many places where the only seasons are: rainy and not so rainy.

Ernest Bywater ๐Ÿšซ

@awnlee jawking

Obviously not a UK study. We're used to getting all four seasons in a single day.

We have that same problem in some of our cities in Australia as well. I've even experienced all four season before lunch when in Melbourne.

JoeBobMack ๐Ÿšซ

@awnlee jawking

Which might explain...

:)

Ernest Bywater ๐Ÿšซ

@JoeBobMack

Yes, and, even in real life, messing with non-random has a noticeable effect. For example, in one study, test subjects' sense of meaning and purpose went down if they were shown pictures of the seasons of the year all mixed up as opposed to showing in the normal sequence of spring, summer, fall, and winter. Why? No way to establish purpose or find meaning if all is chaos and nothing makes sense.

I'd worry about the results of that survey test as it would only make sense if all of the photos were of the exact same location at different times of the year. I can get you pictures of places in the height of summer that many would think were in winter due to the snow, but that location has snow all year round. Conversely I can get you pictures of what looks like a hot summer day in the middle of winter, and every other odd variation in between.

If you gave me pictures of varying locations I'd be delayed in answering while I tried to identify the location first, then try to work out the season.

Replies:   JoeBobMack
JoeBobMack ๐Ÿšซ

@Ernest Bywater

If you gave me pictures of varying locations I'd be delayed in answering while I tried to identify the location first, then try to work out the season.

Fair point, and even more to the point, ANY single study needs to be viewed as highly tentative. I suspect you're unusual, but, regardless, the point still makes sense. When we can't detect patterns, when cause and effect are disconnected, we don't function well as human beings. In stories, totally random elements unrelated to something already revealed in the plot or stemming from the deep nature of one of the characters strike readers as "random" and throw them out of a story. If the protagonist is going to have to overcome the hindrance of injuries sustained in an accident, the accident needs to happen early in the story, or even before the story begins. Otherwise, the reader is likely to think, "This isn't the story I thought I was reading!"

Dominions Son ๐Ÿšซ

@LupusDei

I think the problematicality of the situation described would greatly depend on how probable would average *reasonable* person to pack said item already known to be in their possession.

Sorry, but for all but the most common items, the "already known to be in their possession" doesn't exist for a story unless the item has been mentioned as being in their possession.

Dominions Son ๐Ÿšซ

@LupusDei

If I were to tell how that fight went, how much more words I should dedicate to describing how I came in possession of that briefcase, why it was packed with paper, and what the hammer I didn't get to use as weapon was there for, versus why I had reasons to think the attack wasn't a random accident?

For the purposes, the contents of the briefcase are irrelevant beyond noting that the briefcase was heavy.

However, if you were writing it as more than a short story, with no mention of the briefcase before you suddenly use it as a weapon in the middle of the fight, that would be a problem.

Ernest Bywater ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

There are a number of cases in some of my stories where I have a character obtain something then later they either use it or don't use it. In each case I provide a reason for them obtaining it in the first place, and if the later don't use it I account for it with either a remark or note as to why. In each case there is a reasonable cause for wanting the item, and then a reasonable cause for later not using or using the item, as is relevant to the story. The best example is in 'Mallard Heir' Where he orders an endoscope to look under the house, but later doesn't use it due to other events overtaking the need to do so.

This sort of thing happens in real life, so it makes sense to have it happen in a story.

As to the 'Chekov's Gun' statement about props, I've never seen that as an absolute as there are two reasons for having a prop on stage in a play, one is that it is used in a scene, and the other is it's to 'set the stage' to better represent the location of the scene. For example, a scene can be set in a room and there are chairs in the room to indicate what type of room it is, i.e. lounge chairs as against meeting chairs, yet there may not be any scene where someone sits in the chairs at all. Take the window to a room, many scenes of rooms have a window, but rarely is the window part of the action in the scene in the way the window is used in Peter Pan. The same applies to all props.

Replies:   tenyari
tenyari ๐Ÿšซ

@Ernest Bywater

Stage setting props are very important. This is one of those places that gets a lot of rewriting by me.

I find that I will under-describe in draft one, put in way too much in draft two, and spend the rest of my drafts finding ways to remove props without losing the feel of my 'stage'... and then be annoyed at the final result some time after it goes to readers... :)

tenyari ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

I'm not sure I understand this.

Are we referring to throwing in an item that never gets used, or pulling out an item to use that was never described?

I'm actually dealing with this in my own writing at present in a tangential way.

When in a later scene, I realize I need some object or character trait to be used, I will go back and seed a clue to it earlier on.

So in my current story, one of my characters is a painter and the other is a photographer. This was not being mentioned at all in my writing, it was just in my mental notes. On the third time these two met, they met in the home of one of them and I wanted the photographer to ask the painter about her work.

So I went back and added a note in an earlier scene where she had paint speckled on her arms and legs. And for the photographer, I note in an early scene, the first time he sees her, wishing her had his real camera on hand, the one for photoshoots, and not just his cheap phone camera.

Then I sprinkled in a few references to each throughout the story.

On my old 'Naked in School' story, the story ends in a sudden "unexpected" gun shootout. Back when I wrote that so many years ago - Once I knew I was going to do that, I seeded some earlier parts of the story with tensions with a rival gang, and made note that one character had a gun in their car. And then proceeded to 'drift away from that' for just long enough that readers who were not 'taking mental notes' would be hit with sudden shock when my protagonist and the car she was in got shot in a driveby.

- Seed it, but then make it seem like you didn't, so there's shock when the moment happens, but on a second read a reader puts all the pieces together.

Replies:   Grey Wolf  Dominions Son
Grey Wolf ๐Ÿšซ

@tenyari

I keep dancing around the item in question, out of deference to the story. Making an analogy, then:

The lead character is given fancy cufflinks that he says are much too ornate to use just anywhere.

He sets them aside.

Later, he arrives at the party, notes the cufflinks, and says 'I'd brought them with me because they would fit this situation.' The cufflinks are not mentioned again.

My issue is the location of the explanation. I'd move it back to when he was leaving and say, "I was going to a ritzy party, so I found those fancy cufflinks and put them on. Finally I'd have a chance to actually wear them."

It's more a statement about self-editing. There's nothing wrong here, per se. The author gave the character gaudy cufflinks, sidelined them, then explained why they were back. But in my writing style, at least, I'd have moved the explanation back to where he was in proximity of where he'd stashed the cufflinks.

They wouldn't even need to be mentioned at the party itself. Wearing them was the whole point.

I agree with seeding. That's nearly essential if you don't want things to just appear out of the blue. Sometimes things do 'just appear out of the blue'. Very few people plan in advance to have a traffic accident (though one could seed that someone is a lousy driver - if they're at fault). But if, for instance, a character is going to have, or cause, a major crisis, it certainly plays better if there are some signs that not all is well with them.

Dominions Son ๐Ÿšซ

@tenyari

Are we referring to throwing in an item that never gets used, or pulling out an item to use that was never described?

Both, they are in a sense opposite sides of the same coin.

awnlee jawking ๐Ÿšซ
Updated:

@GreyWolf

In my writing style, if I was about to write that last sentence, I'd almost always instead go back to a prior point in the narrative and show my character grabbing X and stating it might be useful.

That would be my preferred approach.

I'd definitely hate it if the item weren't mentioned until it was utilised, followed by exposition about its acquisition.

ETA In a classic SciFi story I'm currently reading, the protagonist pulls out a previously unmentioned needle gun and shoots a bad guy. That doesn't bother me because the protagonist is in the military and I believe a man on the Clapham Omnibus would be satisfied that the protagonist would be likely to be carrying weaponry of some ilk.

AJ

Switch Blayde ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

Not technically a Chekhov gun, butโ€ฆ

In one of my Lincoln Steele novels (I don't remember which), I had Steele going into battle. He strapped on his ankle holster with gun, took his 9mm semi-automatic, stuck his hunting knife (in sheath) in his waistband, etc. He didn't use every weapon he took. I just wanted to show that he was ready and serious about what he was walking into.

Paladin_HGWT ๐Ÿšซ

@GreyWolf

In my story Aztlan Portal, the readers soon get to see the Aliens, some of whom appear to be quite similar to humans, but others appear to be "Monsters" (but humanoid, two arms, two legs, one head, a torso). Local police, and ordinary people are of course taken by surprise. State authorities, for reasons of bureaucracy (No official wants to be the First to "scream" Monsters!) Law Enforcement and military forces are told they are dealing with rather serious "unrest" and believe they are merely dealing with humans, at worst members of Narco Cartels with "assault rifles" and maybe a few heavier weapons.

My story is "Hard"(ish) Science Fiction (the Portals alone are a stretch; the aliens and their society...). My story is set solidly in 2018, until events create an alternate timeline. However, historic events still have a major effect on the story; governments (and other powerbases) are focused on "Real World Problems" not some "Internet Hoax" in the Hinterland of Chihuahua...

Few people know much about the USA, UK, or Russian armed forces in the second decade of the 21st Century; let alone the Mexican armed forces, including the Federal Police ("Federales") who are configured to protect the government, in particular the Federal Mexican Government from the Narco Cartels, and to a lesser degree from "indigenous" or "radical" insurgencies. Not conventional or "peer" forces. My story is intended primarily to entertain, but also to inform my readers about Asymmetrical Warfare. I received quite a number of comments and complaints that "I was going into too much detail about the weapons, vehicles, and equipment of the Mexican forces. I was Showing (in a way "Chekov's Assault Rifle") not telling, that the Mexican forces were prepared to face the threat the Government Bureaucracy wanted them prepared to deal with. "Monsters" were difficult, if not impossible to Kill with the "vaunted" "AR-15" aka "Black Rifle" or M16 (and various other 5.56x45mm caliber weapons) could not "One-Shot-Stop" many of their opponents; all though some might eventually die of wounds and/or bleed out.

Often when people see events such as the US debacle in Afghanistan, they wonder "How could such a thing happen?" Could the USA have "won" in Afghanistan? Could Russia have captured Kiev in 72 hours, or a week or two? The seeds of victory or defeat are sowed long before we see the videos! In my story NORAD is aware of the initial incursion, although they lack significant information and context. Theoretically, if the USA and/or Mexican governments had investigated matters, and decisively committed forces (and logistics) they probably could have been successful in 30-45 days (requiring 15-30 days for preparation). Of course, No One with power wanted to propose to POTUS Trump committing the 1st Cavalry Division and the 4th Infantry Division, the 82nd Airborne Division, 75th Ranger Regiment and several Tactical Air Wings into Mexico.

What are some of the barriers to governments/bureaucracies responding effectively to asymmetric threats? Fear of "Optics" (bad "headlines" or TV images) "Looking Foolish" No one wants to be the first to cry "The Sky Is Falling!" perhaps the biggest reason is: "It'll COST TOO MUCH!" Until the Price of Not doing enough becomes clear. ...but hey, that Might be the Next Administration...

So, too few courageous Mexicans, and eventually a few personnel from the USA (and elsewhere) do the best they can under the constraints they must endure.

Nor are the Aliens without constraints too.

In my story various versions of "Chekov's Gun(s)" are all about. Bureaucrats are clear about Their priorities (Not the threats the readers may see). Responses are prepared that are preparing for the wrong things. Some, such as a wealthy Mexican business magnate, or some less influential government employees (as well as the poor bastards in the "frontlines"), have some inkling about what should be done.

https://storiesonline.net/s/25148/aztlan-portal

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