@joyR
Ultimately all dynasties fail, and the reason they fail is because they eventually produce an incompetent heir.
That makes perfect sense but isn't entirely accurate historically.
Dynasties may fall for other reasons before producing an incompetent heir, but that an incompetent heir will eventually be produced makes an eventual fall inevitable.
Choosing an heir because they are the oldest child, best fighter, most fertile, etc ignores the point that the most suitable heir need not be any of those things. Then again, competency to rule has seldom been a factor in selection.
This is true, but I would suggest that what the Ottomans did was much more complex than the best fighter.
Each potential heir had to govern a limited region, giving them experience in ruling.
But there's more to it. To win the race back to the capitol, they need support.
I doubt the violence only started once one of them sat on the throne.
An heir could improve his chances of reaching the throne first by attacking his competitors and killing or at least slowing them down before any of them reach the throne.
They would all(at least the remotely competent ones) know this.
This means each would need support. Soldiers to follow them, spies and intelligence.
In other words, in order to win the competition to take the throne they have to demonstrate leadership, military tactics, and strategy.
If they had governed their individual districts poorly, getting loyal soldiers and other followers for the contest to take the throne would be harder.