Inherit the Stars by James P Hogan (1977) has that theme, the planet was called Minerva and its' moon was pushed out of orbit by the explosion and was captured by Earth to become our moon.
The book blurb says:
The man on the Moon was dead. They called him Charlie. He had big eyes, abundant body hair and fairly long nostrils. His skeletal body was found clad in a bright red spacesuit, hidden in a rocky grave. They didn't know who he was, how he got there, or what had killed him. All they knew was that his corpse was 50,000 years old -- and that meant that this man had somehow lived long before he ever could have existed!
There were I thought 2 other books in the series,The Gentle Giants of Ganymede (1978) and Giants' Star (1981) but a quick trip to Wikipedia shows there are 2 more, Entoverse (1991) and Mission to Minerva (2005) so I may have some shopping to do although the reviews of these last 2 books isn't exactly enthusiastic!