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Formatting Unvoiced, Unthought, Expressed Words

Vincent Berg 🚫

Ran across the following in a story:

"Thanks a fucking lot," I mouthed at her.

And of course, I found it odd that it was in double quotes, as if it were spoken.

I was just curious how others might approach this. Myself, I'd probably lean towards single quotes, simply because it was never actually spoken, but given as it's also not an expressed thought, I'm unsure.

Technically, if she only mouthed the words, then there shouldn't need to be any punctuation, aside from setting it apart from the rest of the sentence, that is. Maybe:I mouthed: Thanks a fundings lot!But that's certainly not a standard usage either.

Strangely, I can't recall how this was handled in other published novels—and wouldn't even know which ones to check for this type of usage.

Any ideas, opinions, arguments?

The Outsider 🚫
Updated:

@Vincent Berg

I used double-quotes and italics to indicate someone mouthing (forming) words when others couldn't hear him due to ambient noise. But I also added "he mouthed in an exaggerated fashion."

Dominions Son 🚫

@The Outsider

I used double-quotes and italics to indicate someone mouthing (forming) words when others couldn't hear him due to ambient noise. But I also added "he mouthed in an exaggerated fashion."

What if the reason others can't hear is not because of ambient noise, but because the "speaker" deliberately silently mouthed the words because the "speaker" didn't want to be heard?

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@Dominions Son

What if the reason others can't hear is not because of ambient noise, but because the "speaker" deliberately silently mouthed the words because the "speaker" didn't want to be heard?

That was the context of the story. But, in that case, her 'exaggerated fashion' would merely be her leaning way over and overemphasizing the appropriate mouth motions used in speaking the phrase. Which is also why I'm not fond of the term, because it varies so much given the context that it's essentially a meaningless phrase (IMHO, at least).

Replies:   Dominions Son
Dominions Son 🚫

@Vincent Berg

That was the context of the story.

My question was to The Outsider about how that situation would fit into his suggestion.

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@Dominions Son

My question was to The Outsider about how that situation would fit into his suggestion.

Not much to report, it was in preparation for a performance from a ground of child performers, who hadn't started yet. Background chatter, possibly, but no mention of any distractions at all, so I took it as a nonfactor. After all, why assume what's not mentioned in the story. If it was a vital element, hopefully the author would know to mention it.

Still, motioning excessively won't help anyone see what you're mouthing, so again, it's really a non-entity entity storewide. Either they were close enough to see, or she would have simply walked over and talked to them. Guessing otherwise seems like a waste of time. Besides, half the time someone 'mouths' something to me, I have no idea what it is. Essentially, that ONLY works when you already anticipate the response.

Vincent Berg 🚫

@The Outsider

I used double-quotes and italics to indicate someone mouthing (forming) words when others couldn't hear him due to ambient noise. But I also added "he mouthed in an exaggerated fashion."

Now that's really mixing formatting metaphors, as double quotes denote spoken words, while italics (for entire sentences/pargraphs, at least on SOL) tends to denote thoughts or telepathic exchanges. Not that there's any correct answer one way or the other.

However, I'd consider 'exaggerated fashion' to be redundant: by definition, it has to be exaggerated just to get their attention. But then again, many believe it's a required phrase (aka: cliche) in those contexts.

Michael Loucks 🚫

@Vincent Berg

I tend to put them in single quotes, as I do for things that would go in thought bubbles in comic books.

'I wish!' I thought, but didn't say.

'Liar!' I mouthed.

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@Michael Loucks

Yeah, that seems to be the go-to response, more so because it's the standard alternative to regular double quotes, not because it means anything in and of itself.

Quasirandom 🚫

@Vincent Berg

I'd consider that spoken but unvoiced, and use double-quotes.

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@Quasirandom

I'd consider that spoken but unvoiced, and use double-quotes.

No, it's the equivalent of of a mute person shouting, if there's NO sound, then there's no 'speaking' involved. Now thoughts, and telepathy, are both forms of communication, that don't require spoken words, thus single quotes are more appropriate as it's a ready accepted technique.

I'm not saying your use won't work, just that I'm not seeing it. After all, why buck a trend if there's no benefit. If you break a rule, it should be because it produces a stronger response, not the exact some one. Then it's just confusing. But, that's just my personal opinion, so factor that as you will.

Switch Blayde 🚫

@Vincent Berg

I found it odd that it was in double quotes, as if it were spoken.

It was spoken. Spoken without sound.

If music was blaring in the room so loud that you couldn't hear the person talking to you, but you were able to read their lips to know what they said, wouldn't that be in double quotes? After all, they spoke the words even though you didn't hear it.

Replies:   Vincent Berg
Vincent Berg 🚫

@Switch Blayde

If music was blaring in the room so loud that you couldn't hear the person talking to you, but you were able to read their lips to know what they said, wouldn't that be in double quotes? After all, they spoke the words even though you didn't hear it.

Again, not in the story I was referencing, as the children's concert hadn't started. Instead, the one person was at the end of the row with someone, and the person she was mouthing the words to was farther away, so rather than walk over—and not be ready when the performance began—she instead simply mouthed the words.

Still, the formatting for 'mouthing' (an action, not a dialogue) should be the same whether there was blaring noise or absolute quiet. But again, it's fine to bend the standard rules, but I'd stick with using double (full) quotes for actual audible words. Then, the author wouldn't say 'mouthed', but 'inaudible'. But that detail is really neither here nor there.

But, given the slant of the discussion, I feel I'm in the minority here, as everyone besides me seems comfortable using the full double quotes, I'll shut my 'big yappin' pie hole' and quit yammering about it.

Ernest Bywater 🚫

@Vincent Berg

Because I use the double quotes for only dialogue and I use italics for thoughts, I would be looking at single quotes with italics in such a situation. Thus I would do this as:

'Thanks a fucking lot,' I mouthed at her.

for comparison this is how I'd do dialogue and thoughts along the same lines:

"Thanks a fucking lot," I said to her.

Thanks a fucking lot, I thought while I glared at her.

Lumpy 🚫

@Vincent Berg

I do similar, except without italics. Single quotes for thoughts, double quotes for stuff spoken out loud.

JoeBobMack 🚫

@Vincent Berg

I found this post that discusses possibilities and comes down on the side, generally, of nothing. He claims:

"Setting off a character's thoughts in quotation marks is a definite no-no. Such a technique is confusing to the reader. When we see quotation marks, we have the expectation that a character is speaking the words aloud."

The example given is Deception on His Mind by Elizabeth George. I got a sample from Amazon. It's close third person with a LOT of internal focus. And no quotes. I find myself doing this also, when writing third person very much in the head of a character - the line between writing what the character thinks, decides, concludes, or judges and the exact language of those thoughts is VERY fine. Here is an example from a chapter I happen to be editing in book 3 of my series. Katie is on the phone with her mother:

There it was. That lilt in her mother's voice. Even a surprise collect call on a Monday morning didn't push her into the sullen defensiveness Katie had grown up with. What was going on? She needed to find out.

"Just missed you, Mom," she said, truthfully. Despite her mother's despondence, she had always taken care of Katie, shown interest in her life, and been available when needed. But she had also become the "don't do this" model for Katie. She had structured her approach to life as the opposite of her mother, friendly rather than aloof, light-hearted rather than serious. Now, her mother was changing. Why? What did this mean?

And, a couple of paragraphs later:

Yes, you told me, Katie thought. And why is that, I wonder? All of a sudden, you're a businesswoman, reconnecting with the town, and making moves toward picking up your old career. What is going on, Mom? But she kept those thoughts to herself. Instead, she said, "Yeah, Mom, you did. But that won't be a problem. I'll just be writing, and maybe picking up some shifts at The Diner if they need me."

Replies:   Switch Blayde
Switch Blayde 🚫

@JoeBobMack

It's close third person with a LOT of internal focus. And no quotes

Yes, a close 3rd-person has most of the POV character's thoughts as narrative. No quotes. No italics. In close 3rd the reader is living in that character. You only explicitly show the character's thoughts (in italics) when you want to emphasize those thoughts.

Replies:   JoeBobMack
JoeBobMack 🚫
Updated:

@Switch Blayde

You only explicitly show the character's thoughts (in italics) when you want to emphasize those thoughts.

I did a bit of searching on this, and couldn't find a definitive rule. For example, this article states:

Most inquiries about internal dialogue we receive at GrammarBook concern whether to use quotations or italics to write it.

Our current answer is that quotation marks, italics, and standard type are all acceptable formats according to the writer's style and preference, particularly when writing fiction.

Seems like consistency is the key. In my stories, I also have telepathic communication, so I'm putting that in italics and quotes since it is the equivalent of spoken dialogue, just not spoken aloud.

Quasirandom 🚫

@JoeBobMack

That's how I usually handle telepathy.

Switch Blayde 🚫

@JoeBobMack

Seems like consistency is the key.

That's the purpose of style guides — consistency. You can argue if it should be "ten-year-old" (Chicago Manual of Style) or "10-year-old" (AP Style Guide) until you're blue in the face. Both are correct. But if you don't choose a style guide (or make up your own), then you will write it "10-year-old" one time and "ten-year-old" another time. That is not correct because it's inconsistent.

I follow Chicago with some modifications I prefer and it says to use italics for internal thoughts.

But the point I was making is that in a close 3rd-limited, most of the POV character's thoughts are written as narrative. But every once in a while a thought might be important enough for it to stand out. In that case you write it as an internal thought following whatever convention you use.

LupusDei 🚫
Updated:

@Vincent Berg

In my opinion, if the message is received it is dialogue, no matter what the transmission medium that carried the words/meaning was. Yes, I would include sign language in that too, along with texting. If the method is significant and/or important or unusual it would be specified in the tag or context.

Or, I would go one step further and say that what matters is the transmitter's intention. If it is intended/hoped to be heard/decoded it's dialogue and must be formed as such even if it's obviously impossible to be received. If it's unvoiced/unexpressed and not intended to be understood by bystanders it's narrative, even if it appears the other party got the message anyway.

If it's deemed important to denote telepathy specifically (say, it is used a whole lot between two characters often in presence of others who can't hear them) I see how special formatting, like italics with single quotes, may be desirable. But generally, I personally wouldn't rely on italics alone for anything, and try to avoid when at all possible.

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